| Retour ? la page d'accueil |
| Back to Home page |
ASIA-PACIFIC POPULATION JOURNAL, December 1998, Vol. 13, N? 4
SALWAY, Sarah.
The contraceptive potential of lactation for Bangladeshi women.
Longitudinal data from two surveillance sites, one urban and one rural, are used to explore the contraceptive potential of lactational amenorrhoea in Bangladesh. Full breastfeeding is shown to afford significantly greater contraceptive protection than partial breastfeeding, though partial breastfeeders are also found to enjoy good protection against pregnancy while amenorrhoeic. The results also suggest that lactational amenorrhoea can afford good protection against pregnancy beyond six months postpartum. Also, older women seem to have significantly lower risks of conception during postpartum amenorrhoea than younger women. The article suggests that active steps should be taken to incorporate lactational amenorrhoea into postpartum family planning strategies in Bangladesh and identifies a number of barriers, both client and service-related, that currently inhibit this development.
(BANGLADESH, LACTATION, POST-PARTUM AMENORRHOEA, CONTRACEPTION.)
English ? pp. 3-32.
S. Salway, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, U.K.
S.Salway@lshtm.ac.uk.
***
THANG, Nguyen Minh; JOHNSON, Brooke R.; LANDRY, Evelyn; COLUMBIA, Richard.
Client perspectives on quality of reproductive health services in Viet Nam.
This study finds that, although Viet Nam's family planning programme is increasingly successful, improvements are needed in the quality of reproductive health services if current progress is to continue. For example, service delivery outlets do not always provide a sufficiently wide choice of methods. Deficiencies exist regarding the distribution of methods and there is a lack of information on how to use particular methods effectively. Also counselling on contraceptive use for abortion clients is virtually absent. The article concludes with a set of in-depth recommendations for overcoming these shortcomings.
(VIET NAM, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING, PROGRAMME EVALUATION).
English ? pp. 33-54.
Nguyen Minh Thang, Quality of Care Evaluation, National Committee for Population and Family Planning; B. R. Johnson, Health Systems Research, Ipas; E. Landry, AVSC International; R. Columbia, Director of Evaluation and Research, Pathfinder International.
***
RUZICKA, Lado T.
Suicide in countries and areas of the ESCAP region.
In the ESCAP region each year more than half a million people die by suicide and over 5 million attempt to kill themselves. This article collates available evidence about the incidence, age and sex patterns of suicide mortality in selected countries and areas of the region. It discusses cultural and legal attitudes towards suicide, as well as the social and health implications of the problem. It concludes by outlining some of the attempts that could be made at prevention both by governments and civil society.
(ASIA, OCEANIA, SUICIDE, MORTALITY DETERMINANTS).
English ? pp. 55-74.
L. T. Ruzicka, Major's Creek, Braidwood, NSW 2622, Australia.
***
SUN, Fubin.
Ageing of the population in China: Trends and implications.
No summary.
(CHINA, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING, TRENDS).
English ? pp. 75-92.
F. Sun, Institute for Population and Economy Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province (710049), China.
***
ASIA-PACIFIC POPULATION JOURNAL, March 1999, Vol. 14, N? 1
CHEE, Stephen; HOUSE, William J.; LEWIS, Laurie.
Population policies and programmes in the post-ICPD era: Can the Pacific island countries meet the challenge?
This article assesses the current population and development situation in the Pacific island countries, discusses the significance of population variables in the search for sustainable development, and highlights future key actions that need to be taken by governments and development partners to further implement the recommendations of the Programme of Action adopted at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development so that there will be a major positive contribution to the quality of life of the people of these island countries and territories in the years to come.
(OCEANIA, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, POPULATION SITUATION, POPULATION POLICY).
English ? pp. 3-20.
S. Chee, W. J. House and L. Lewis, UNFPA Country Support Team, Suva, Fiji.
***
AGHAJANIAN, Akbar; MEHRYAR, Amir H.
Fertility transition in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 1976-1996.
This article analyses data related to the Iranian fertility transition that took place during the period 1976-1996. The study found that the demographic factors behind the decreasing crude birth rates are lower exposure to marriage through an unprecedented increase in the female age at marriage and decreases in marital fertility. The fertility decline is explained by demand and ideational factors including a broad reduction in infant mortality and persistent economic pressure. The increase in the educational level of women of reproductive age has also played a role. The most important ideational factor is the changing social atmosphere about having smaller families and using contraception. There is every indication that the declining fertility trend will continue; however, it is estimated that about 12 million women will be added to the age group 15-49 during the period 1996-2006, which could result in a "baby boom" in the next decade.
(IRAN, FERTILITY DECLINE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, NUPTIALITY, EDUCATION OF WOMEN).
English ? pp. 21-42.
A. Aghajanian, Department of Sociology, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, U.S.A.; A. H. Mehryar, Institute for Research in Planning and Development, Tehran, Iran.
aghajani@chil.uncfsu.edu.
***
HADI, Abdullahel.
Overseas migration and the well-being of those left behind in rural communities of Bangladesh.
This article reveals that the flow of remittances, along with the diffusion of secular values, are the key processes through which various forms of migration operate to improve the socioeconomic well-being of the household members left behind. It argues not only that the flow of remittances contributes to raising economic well-being but also that the social and cultural aspects of overseas migration have the potential to modify the livelihood and behaviour of the sending communities through the interaction of secular ideas with traditional values.
(BANGLADESH, RURAL COMMUNITIES, EMIGRATION, REMITTANCES, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, CULTURAL CHANGE).
English ? pp. 43-75.
A. Hadi, Research and Evaluation Division, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
shirsha@bangla.net.
***
ASIA-PACIFIC POPULATION JOURNAL, June 1999, Vol. 14, N? 2
HOUSE, William J.; IBRAHIM, Nasiru.
Fertility patterns of adolescent and older women in Pacific island countries: Programme implications.
This study investigates whether adolescent birth rates are high and rising in the Pacific island countries, as is widely believed. Using census data, it finds that, with few exceptions, adolescent fertility has fallen in these countries and is relatively low in comparison with other developing regions of the world. However, it finds that childbearing among older women is significant, whereas the opposite is the case elsewhere in the developing world. It concludes by suggesting measures that could be taken to improve the quality of reproductive health services for all age groups, but especially among older women who face increased risks of infant and maternal mortality.
(OCEANIA, WOMEN, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, FERTILITY DECLINE).
English ? pp. 3-22.
W. J. House and N. Ibrahim, UNFPA Country Support Team, Suva, Fiji.
***
JANOWITZ, Barbara; HOLTMAN, Matthew; JOHNSON, Laura; TROTTIER, Dorace.
The importance of field-workers in Bangladesh's family planning programme.
This article uses observations of client-provider interactions and two surveys of users of oral contraceptives to examine empirically the characteristics of home visits, including their duration and content, and clients' perceptions of their usefulness. The results show that the quality of field-worker visits is low and that clients do not value their content highly. Field-workers spend little time with clients during each contact, and the number of topics discussed is low. A high percentage of clients do not have correct information about oral contraceptives, and the vast majority view the home visit programme as a convenience and not as an important source of information. There is also some evidence that women would shift to other sources rather than cease contraceptive use if they had to pay for continued home delivery.
(BANGLADESH, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, HOME VISITS, FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL, PROGRAMME EVALUATION).
English ? pp. 23-36.
B. Janowitz, M. Holtman, L. Johnson and D. Trottier, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A.
***
BARKAT-E-KHUDA; ROY, Nikhil Chandra; RAHMAN, Mizanur.
Unmet contraceptive need in Bangladesh: Evidence from the 1993/94 and 1996/97 Demographic and Health Surveys.
Bangladesh has achieved considerable success in its family planning programme, resulting in a marked decline in fertility. Fertility preferences have also undergone changes. The desire for additional children declined appreciably over the past decade. Half of the currently married women of reproductive age do not want any more children, and over one third want to space childbearing. One in every six women has an unmet need: 8% each for spacing and limiting childbirth. Thus, there is a sizeable "demand" for family planning. This article analyses data from surveys. It finds strong and highly significant effects of ever use of family planning, husband-wife communications on family planning, age and number of living children on unmet contraceptive need.
(BANGLADESH, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, DESIRED FAMILY SIZE, NEEDS).
English ? pp. 37-68.
Barkat-e-Khuda, N. C. Roy and M. Rahman, Health and Population Extension Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
***
ASIA-PACIFIC POPULATION JOURNAL, September 1999, Vol. 14, N? 3
SKELDON, Ronald.
Migration in Asia after the economic crisis: Patterns and issues.
This article finds that the economic crisis that began in parts of Asia in the middle of 1997 has altered the migration patterns that emerged during the first half of the 1990s, but in unexpected ways. It provides a broad regional assessment of the economic and social impacts and concludes by drawing out implications for policy and making a number of recommendations for governments to consider in order to prevent a worsening of the situation.
(ASIA, MIGRATION TRENDS, ECONOMIC RECESSION, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, GOVERNMENT POLICY).
English ? pp. 3-24.
R. Skeldon, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
***
DJAMBA, Yanyi; GOLDSTEIN, Alice; GOLDSTEIN, Sidney.
Permanent and temporary migration in Viet Nam during a period of economic change.
This article examines the patterns of migration in Viet Nam following economic restructuring. Data from a survey conducted about 10 years after initiation of a market economy are used to document differences between non-migrants, those who changed residence permanently and those who were classified as temporary migrants. New economic opportunities, especially in urban places, stimulated heavy rural-to-urban migration; temporary migrants, in particular, sought to take advantage of this situation to obtain urban jobs and to improve the quality of their lives. Logistic regression models indicate that permanent migrants tend to be older, better educated and are more likely to be married than temporary migrants. There are also substantial differences in determinants of migration by gender, suggesting that opportunities for women and men vary by type of urban destination.
(VIET NAM, ECONOMIC SYSTEM, MIGRATION TRENDS, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, MIGRATION DETERMINANTS, RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION).
English ? pp. 25-48.
Y. Djamba, A. Goldstein and S. Goldstein, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A.
***
HARDEE, Karen; AMAL, Siti Hidayati; NOVRIATY, Shanty; HULL, Terence H.; EGGLESTON, Elizabeth.
Family planning, work and women's economic and social autonomy in Indonesia.
In Indonesia, the 1994 national marriage law stipulates that women's primary role in the family is bearing and rearing children, and that women's productive role is primarily related to domestic tasks. Men are responsible for supporting the family financially. This official interpretation of gender division of labour promotes unequal gender relations in the family. Using quantitative and qualitative data collected in 1996, the article describes the effect of the use of contraception and work on women's empowerment in the family, in two urban areas, Jakarta and Ujung Pandang. Although family planning use was not quantitatively associated with many aspects of women's empowerment, women did perceive three benefits related to their use of family planning: being able to space births, having the ability to earn money, and having more time for themselves and their families.
(INDONESIA, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, WOMEN?S ROLE, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, WOMEN?S EMANCIPATION, URBAN POPULATION).
English ? pp. 49-72.
K. Hardee, The Futures Group International, 2 Winchester Lane, Huntington, NY 11743, U.S.A.; S. H. Amal and S. Novriaty, Kelompok Studi Wanita, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia, Indonesia; T. H. Hull, Demography Program, Australian National University, Australia; E. Eggleston, Family Health International.
K.Hardee@TFGI.com.
***
ASIA-PACIFIC POPULATION JOURNAL, December 1999, Vol. 14, N? 4
SADIK, Nafis.
Population is among the development issues that will be of global concern during the twenty-first century. This overview of the current situation and likely future trends introduces this thematic issue of the Asia-Pacific Population Journal, the last to be published in the current century. It states briefly what has been accomplished during the past 50 years and what remains to be done in the field of population and development. It concludes that, while Asia has made excellent progress, national governments and the donor community must do more if the region is to realize the vision behind the recommendations for further actions to fulfil the goals and objectives of the ICPD Programme of Action.
(ASIA, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES, TRENDS, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT).
English ? pp. 5-8.
N. Sadik, Executive Director, United Nations Population Fund, New York, NY 10017, U.S.A.
***
LEETE, Richard; ALAM, Iqbal.
Asia's demographic miracle: 50 years of unprecedented change.
After tracing some of the actions that led to the ESCAP region's demographic transformation during the last half of the twentieth century, this article provides details of the decline in the fertility rate, the population growth rate and mortality rate. Focusing on fertility, it discusses the role played by population policies and programmes and the challenges that will occur in the new millennium. These include the impact of economic reversals, the considerable level of unmet need for population information and services, adolescent reproductive health, population ageing and sub-replacement levels of fertility as well as the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
(ASIA, FERTILITY DECLINE, POPULATION GROWTH, MORTALITY TRENDS, POPULATION POLICY).
English ? pp. 9-20.
R. Leete, Technical and Policy Division, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York, NY 10017, U.S.A.; I. Alam, Statistics Division, United Nations Secretariat, New York, NY 10017, U.S.A.
***
CALDWELL, John C.
Good health for many: The ESCAP region, 1950-2001.
The ESCAP region has been especially successful over the last half century in terms of economic growth, the control of fertility and reduction of mortality. This article charts this historic change starting with a period prior to 1950 and tracing developments to the current decade. It brings out the reasons for the improvements in health that have occurred and explains the interrelationships among the various factors that led to the declines in all forms of mortality. It identifies three aspects that should be addressed in the future: the achievement of small families, the tremendous growth of cities, and the mortality implications of the AIDS epidemic for the region. The article concludes with an 11-point formula for furthering the mortality decline.
(ASIA, OCEANIA, PUBLIC HEALTH, MORTALITY DECLINE, TRENDS).
English ? pp. 21-38.
J. C. Caldwell, Department of Demography, Health Transition Centre, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
***
KNODEL, John.
The demography of Asian ageing: Past accomplishments and future challenges.
While rapid population growth was the major demographic issue of public, political and scientific concern in much of Asia during the last half century, population ageing is poised to replace it as the major demographic preoccupation in the twenty-first century. In describing the situation in countries of the region, the article points out two major concerns for government policy makers: how to ensure adequate health care and adequate economic and social support for the elderly. The article outlines a number of issues for research and highlights the challenges for demographers in addressing the projected situation in the not-too-distant future.
(ASIA, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING, GOVERNMENT POLICY, AGED, PROJECTIONS).
English ? pp. 39-56.
J. Knodel, Population Studies Centre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, U.S.A.
***
GUEST, Philip.
Mobility transitions within a global system: Migration in the ESCAP region.
This article focuses on the context within which migration occurs in the ESCAP region. It covers the patterns of migration according to countries' stage in the demographic transition process and level of economic development. It points out that, although international migration is receiving increased attention, it is internal migration that makes up the vast majority of moves. Internal migration is characterized by a high proportion of temporary migrants, a significant proportion of whom are female, and people moving from rural to urban areas. The article also discusses urbanization and international migration as well as the impacts of these processes. It concludes with a number of predictions about the pattern of migration in the first quarter of the twentieth century, during which migration is expected to come to the forefront as a demographic, economic, social and political issue.
(ASIA, OCEANIA, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, URBANIZATION, PROJECTIONS).
English ? pp. 57-72.
P. Guest, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhorn Pathom 73170, Thailand.
***
PIOTROW, Phyllis Tilson; RIMON, II, Jose G.
Asia's population and family planning programmes: Leaders in strategic communication.
Asian countries led the world in identifying problems related to rapid population growth and high fertility and in developing programmes to address those issues. The region likewise took a leading role in developing strong information and communication programmes to inform, educate and persuade their people of the need to take action on a number of issues. This article identifies seven elements of strategic communication and gives examples of the impact they have had in the programmes of several countries in the region. It concludes by predicting that strategic communications will emphasize five areas in the future.
(ASIA, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, COMMUNICATION).
English ? pp. 73-90.
P. T. Piotrow and J. G. Rimon II, Center for Communication Programs, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202, U.S.A.
***