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ESTUDIOS DEMOGR?FICOS Y URBANOS, May-August 1999, Vol. 14, N? 2 (N? 41)
GARZA, Gustavo.
Economic globalization, metropolitan concentration and urban policies in Mexico [Globalizaci?n econ?mica, concentraci?n metropolitana y pol?ticas urbanas en M?xico].
This article analyzes certain aspects of the link between economic development and urbanization in Mexico, as well as the evolution of the urban and regional policies designed to modify population distribution throughout the country. To clarify the relationship between both process of social change, the study is divided into three stages: i)the period between 1960 and 1980, characterized by high economic growth, ii)the decade from 1980 to 1990, associated with structural economic crisis, and iii)the five-year period from 1990 to 1995, linked to relative recovery and a new crisis. The article seeks to determine whether the evolution of the city system in Mexico, together with the spatial policies implemented, have undergone significant modifications during each period, particularly the last, which saw the consolidation of a neo-liberal model of indiscriminate trade liberalization vis-?-vis the international market.
(MEXICO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, URBANIZATION, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER).
Spanish ? pp. 269-311.
G. Garza, Centro de Estudios Demogr?ficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, El Colegio de M?xico, Mexico.
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NEGRETE, Mar?a Eugenia.
Decentralization of the population in the central region of Mexico [Desconcentraci?n poblacional en la regi?n Centro de M?xico].
A variety of terms, including metropolitan expansion, formation of a megalopolis, consolidation of the central urban system, process of suburbanization and extended concentration are used to refer to the territorial redistribution of the population undergone by the central region of Mexico over the past twenty-five years; "deconcentration" is the term I prefer to use. There has been more political recognition than conceptual clarity as regards what is actually happening in this spatial sphere; this article aims to achieve the latter. To this end, I attempt to specify the dimensions achieved by this phenomenon to date from the point of view of the population, by exploring the general demographic trajectory of this zone and the particular trends of each state. The article also focuses on the general transformations on the municipal scale in order to be able to identify the places with pull and push factors more accurately. The article ends with a brief overview of the new regional migration, highlighting the diversity of flows and the variety of their composition.
(MEXICO, REGIONS, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, URBAN CONCENTRATION, MEGALOPOLIS, REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, INTERNAL MIGRATION).
Spanish ? pp. 313-352.
M. E. Negrete, Centro de Estudios Demogr?ficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, El Colegio de M?xico, Mexico.
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ZENTENO, Ren? M.
Economic crisis and determinants of the female labor supply in Mexico: 1994-1995 [Crisis econ?mica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en M?xico: 1994-1995].
Women's swift incorporation into the labor market constitutes one of the most important research topics in light of the rapid social, economic and demographic changes undergone by Mexico over the pas two decades. Among many other factors, various studies have argued the existence of a close link between this process of social change in women, and the economic crisis faced by many Mexican families during the long period of productive re-structuring. The basis of this argument is largely derived from the quantification of a phenomenon that was unusual in Mexico before the 1980s: the growing economic participation of women of an advanced age, those with low schooling attainment, women who are either married or living with their partner, and finally, of women with small children. In other words, of social groups that had traditionally shown very little propensity towards working outside the home. This article constitutes a conjunctural study whose central aim was to conduct an empirical assessment of the relationship between economic crisis and this new profile of female labor. To do this, the determinants of the supply of female urban labor during the first few months of the most recent economic crisis were studied and compared with the prevailing situation exactly one year earlier. Data from the National Urban Employment Survey show that the real income of workers, open unemployment and the employment rates of men in salaried jobs were the urban employment conditions most severely affected by the recession. The multivariate analyses conducted yielded three significant results. First, that the impact of the crisis on the economic participation of men and women varied significantly between the country's major urban centers. Second, that with the exception of women with the lowest schooling attainment, it is possible to establish the existence of a close link between higher employment among older women in a union who live in households where there are children under the age of seven, and a situation of economic crisis. Third, that several of these changes did not only take place in labor markets where female economic participation rose during the period, but also in those where it remained stable or fell.
(MEXICO, LABOUR SUPPLY, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC RECESSION, SOCIAL CHANGE, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION).
Spanish ? pp. 353-381.
R. M. Zenteno, Centro de Estudios Estrat?gicos, Instituto Tecnol?gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Mexico.
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MU?IZ, Patricia; HERN?NDEZ, Daniel.
Attributes of the head of a household [Los atributos de la jefatura del hogar].
Household surveys tend to employ the term "head" as a guiding principle, without explaining the concept of headship to the informant. Using the 1995 National Family Planning Survey (Conapo), this article analyzes the factors associated with the designation of heads of household, for both men and women, and those linked to headship on the basis of individuals' roles as income contributors and decision-makers, commonly identified as attributes of the head of a household.
(METHODOLOGY, HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, SOCIAL ROLES).
Spanish ? pp. 383-409.
P. Mu?iz and D. Hern?ndez, Programa de Educaci?n, Salud y Alimentaci?n, Progresa-Sedesol, Mexico.
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ESTUDIOS DEMOGR?FICOS Y URBANOS, September-December 1999, Vol. 14, N? 3 (N? 42)
COURGEAU, Daniel.
Methods for the analysis of biographical data [M?todos para el an?lisis de datos biogr?ficos].
This article suggests three approaches for analysing biographical data. The non-parametric approach deals with the interaction between various demographic phenomena and leads to various types of dependence between them. The parametric approaches attempts to incorporate the heterogeneity observed in the population into the analysis, by linking temporary behavior with various characteristics that are either dependent on or independent from time. The semi-parametric approach permits the simultaneous exploration of interactions and heterogeneity. The issue of non-observed heterogeneity in data is also explored. These methods are illustrated using examples of the application of data taken from surveys.
(METHODOLOGY, BIOGRAPHIES, EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS, METHODS OF ANALYSIS).
Spanish ? pp. 599-630.
D. Courgeau, INED, 133 bd Davout, 75020 Paris, France.
courgeau @ined.fr.
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DUREAU, Fran?oise.
Two examples of biographical questionnaires applied in Bogota and three oil cities in Casanare [Dos ejemplos de cuestionarios biogr?ficos aplicados en Bogot? y en tres ciudades petroleras de Casanare].
In this article, the author attempts to show that it is possible to undertake an empirical study using a set of conceptual innovations concerning the subject of spatial mobility. On the basis of a method of observation, the author attempts to narrow the gap that has traditionally existed between transversal observations of intra-urban displacements and the internal migrations that constitute a longitudinal dimension but which view the city in a global fashion, ignoring intra-urban displacements.
(COLOMBIA, URBAN POPULATION, METHODOLOGY, EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS, GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY).
Spanish ? pp. 631-674.
F. Dureau, UMR Regards, Maison des Suds, 12 Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
fdureau@regards.cnrs.fr.
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ROMERO SILVA, Absal?n.
An optimum control model for the determination of migration policies [Un modelo de control ?ptimo para la determinaci?n de pol?ticas de migraci?n].
This article presents the use of an optimum control model based on Pontryagin's Discrete Maximum Principle for the determination of migration policies in the Federal District and the state of Mexico between 1982 and 1995.
(MEXICO, METHODOLOGY, MIGRATION POLICY, MODELS).
Spanish ? pp. 741-754.
A. Romero Silva, Instituto de Investigaci?n y Posgrado de la Universidad de las Am?ricas, Puebla, Mexico.
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