JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY, 1996, Vol. 12, No. 2
Comparative study on fertility and family planning of Laotian and Thai women.
This study utilized the secondary data of the two report of national surveys on fertility and family planning of Laotian and Thai women. the information on Laotian fertility and family planning is derived from the "Report on the fertility and Birth Spacing Survey in Lao PDR 1994"; and the Thai data is obtained from the report, "Thailand Demographic and Health Survey 1987".
The findings revealed that Laotian women still have very high fertility. The cumulative fertility level as measured in terms of number of children ever born of women aged 40-49 in 1994 is as high as the fertility level of Thai women in the last 25 years. Even though the socio-economic characteristics of women, such as educational level and place of residence, have a significant impact on differences in fertility, it is evident that the fertility decline in the Lao PDR will not be occurred in the near future.
The Knowledge and practices of family planning of Laotian women are far below those of Thai women, which reflect the problem of availability and accessibility of the family planning services in the country. The most important source of contraceptive mothod in the Lao PDR is the private sector, which contrasts with Thailand, where the government sector, particularly the Ministry of Public Health, plays a major role in providing family planning services. The government of the Lao PDR still has not announced their formal population policy for reducing their growth rate. It is believed that the growth rate of Laotians will remain very high compared with other countries in the Southeast Asian Region, and it will take a long time for the Lao PDR to reduce the fertility level to keep pace with Thailand.
(LAOS, THAILAND, COMPLETED FERTILITY, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, FAMILY PLANNING POLICY, CONTRACEPTION, CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE, KNOWLEDGE OF CONTRACEPTIVES, EDUCATION OF WOMEN, RESIDENCE, METHODOLOGY, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS).
Thai - pp. 1-26.
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Ideal MIS package for a well-established FPA with a variety of family planning and related services.
This paper explains what Management Information Systems (MIS) is and its main purpose on monitoring the performances of a programme. It also relates an MIS package to the whole process of programme policymaking, which includes policy identification, policy formulation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. However, if one focuses the main purpose of an MIS only on the implementation and evaluation stage of a family planning association (FPA), its efficiency can be measured; therefore, an ideal MIS package during such two stages deals with information of the FPA's various inputs, processes, and outputs, under the criteria of performances and sustainability. This paper, finally, suggests that an FPA manager can reduce costs of services and improve the degree of cost-effectiveness by a well-designed MIS.
(FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, PROGRAMME EVALUATION, COMPUTER PROGRAMMES, MANAGEMENT, DECISION MAKING, COSTS).
English - pp. 27-30.
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Adit, Laixuthai; Connelly, Tom.
Planning and public health.
Planning must be dynamic to be effective. Public sector plannning efforts often fail to recognize the rapid changes in their environments and within the organizations involved. In 1979, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) created a comprehensive set of programs designed to improve child health; the cornerstone was a series of programs designed to increase breastfeeding. By 1995, changing demographic and a changing economic climate combined to make continued successes more difficult to achieve.
This case study paper shows an alternative approach to planning. The case study describes a strategic planning exercise at a provincial hospital where program administrators identified several problems and several challenges facing the breastfeeding program. Through a situation analysis, a common business planning tool, the administrators could examine the changing factors in the planning environment. Once the managers examined the changing environment, they could redirect existing strategies and create new strategies, so that this successful public health program could continue its success. The case study also demonstrates the value of holistic thinking--thinking and planning with the entries system in mind.
(THAILAND, PROVINCES, PUBLIC HEALTH, SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, PROGRAMME PLANNING, NATIONAL PLANNING, HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD CARE SERVICES, BREAST FEEDING).
English - pp. 31-48.
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Paternal participation in childcare at the kindergarten level in the Bangkok Metropolis.
The purposes of this study are to investigate patterns and socio-economic and demographic patterns of paternal participation in childcare. The sample of 730 fathers for this study represents fathers who have children in kindergarters in the Bangkok Metropolis.
This study used cross-tabulation analysis, the chi-squared test and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA). The study showed that several variables such as wife's occupation, wife's work status, father's work status, father's education, father's help with household chores, number of children, father's age, duration of marriage and father's childhood caretakers have an impact on childcare. It was also found that help with household chores is strongly significantly related to participation in childcare. The majority of fathers (55.1%) participated in childcare at a moderate level, followed by low and high levels of participation (22.9% and 22.0%), respectively. In addition, those who had a high level of participation in childcare stated that protection was a prime obligation, while planning for children's daily life and future were the lowest priorities.
(THAILAND, CITIES, CHILD CARE, PATERNAL RESPONSIBILITY, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, OCCUPATIONS, MARRIAGE DURATION, FAMILY SIZE).
Thai - pp. 49-65.
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Paungphen, Choonhapran; Achara, Entz.
Construction workers and health problems: A case study in Lame Chabang municipal area in Chonburi Province.
This article presents health problems of construction workers who work in the area of Lame Chabang Municipality, Chonburi province. This data is a component of the findings derived from the research project entitled "Social and Health Problems of Construction Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Approach," which was conducted in 1994. Construction worker's health problems included frequently suffering from diseases; accident; mental-health problems caused by the nature of their families. Their lifestyles also influence their health through alcohol abuse, insufficient rest, improper eating habits, safety equipment not provided or not utilized and risky sexual behaviors. Inaccessibility to health services is another barrier to good health. The authors therefore suggests an increased number of promotions for health education and special health services targeted at this population be encouraged.
(THAILAND, ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS, MANUAL WORKERS, HEALTH CONDITIONS, MENTAL DISEASES, ALCOHOLISM, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, ACCIDENTS, LIFE STYLES, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH EDUCATION).
Thai - pp. 67-77.
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Family research into male responsibilities in family matters and the role of youth: Data utilization for policymaking.
The presentation of this paper is divided into two parts. The first part is a review of the study, "Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Demographic Behaviour in Thailand: Informative Abstract". This project was conducted in 1994. The objective of this study was to compile all the bibliographies on socio-cultural factors affecting demographic behaviour. This study was a bibliographical search for the study of socio-cultural factors affecting fertility, and it relates to six broad categories: sexuality, marriage, divorce, procreation, fertility and control. The bibliographical search was carried out in six libraries. The final report was a compilation of 114 titles of documents. Sources of documents were academic institutions, governmental agencies and private agencies. The format of each document consisted of a bibliographic description and an informative abstract. The second part of this paper involves data utilization for policymaking on family research, including male responsibilities in family matters and the role of youth. This part discusses what makes data utilization more effective and the channels from which to access the data.
(THAILAND, YOUTH, SEX ROLES, FERTILITY DETERMINANTS, REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR, MARRIAGE, DIVORCE, SEXUALITY, CONTRACEPTION, METHODOLOGY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH).
English - pp. 79-83.
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JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY, 1998, Vol. 14, No. 1
Effects of Asean economic liberalization schemes on labor migration in Asean in the 21st century.
The study identifies effects of both current and future ASEAN economic liberalization schemes on labor migration in ASEAN in the 21st Century. It sees that the current trends of ASEAN labor migration are to a certain extent following the current trends of Asian labor migration: Asianization, feminization, and undocumented or illegal, unskilled migration. With the effects of ASEAN economic liberalization schemes, particularly AFTA, AICO, liberalization of trade in services, AIA and free flow of investments, the future prospects for labor migration in ASEAN countries will be seen with Asianization, continuing feminization, growing illegal unskilled migration, and growing skilled and professional migrant workers. The study recommends that an integrated and comprehensive approach of regional development be adopted by ASEAN mechanisms.
(ASIA, LABOUR MIGRATION, MIGRATION TRENDS, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, MARKET ECONOMY, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, ILLEGAL MIGRATION, MIGRANT WORKERS, SKILLED WORKERS, UNSKILLED WORKERS, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT).
English - pp. 1-27.
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Rural-urban migration trends: A case study of Nang Rong, Thailand.
This study, using longitudinal data from the Nang Rong Project between 1984 and 1994, examine the causes and consequences of migration. The key explanatory variables are migration chains and migration paths. The study reveals that ten year time different is too far to measure the effect of circular migration. Bangkok still remains an attractive destination choice. The popularity of Korat and the Eastern seaboard is gradual. Age and migration experience of the mother are important factors in the likelihood that a child will migrate. The density of migrants from the same village in Bangkok is associated with the likelihood of children migrating. The larger the number of migrants from the village who have moved to the newly industrialization zone, the greater the likelihood that the child will remain in the village. The possibility for the children who remain in the village to live with their grandparents depends on the mother's level of education. There is some support for a migration pattern to destinations related to the migration pattern that has already occurred in the community, but a ten year time lag appears to be outer limit.
(THAILAND, CITIES, INTERNAL MIGRATION, RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION, MIGRATION TRENDS, MIGRATION DETERMINANTS, CIRCULAR MIGRATION, FAMILY MIGRATION, PLACE OF DESTINATION, DURATION OF RESIDENCE, EDUCATION OF WOMEN).
Thai - pp. 29-55.
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A study of the responses and coping with AIDS of the community in the high-infected areas.
This research studies the responses and coping strategies within communities highly affected by AIDS. The target group included member of the communities, the households with the HIV-infected persons, persons with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) and community organizations.
The research areas incompassed Chaing Rai and Payao provinces where community are highly affected by HIV/AIDS. Multi-stages random sampling were applied for the selection of districts, sub-districts, villages and the households in respective villages. The total number of households samples were 400. Three different interview guidelines were used. Data were collected from the villagers age 15 years and over, from the household members taking care of PWA and from members of community organizations involved with AIDS activities. Data collection was undertaken during April-May 1995.
Based on the findings, it is shown that community members, household members, the PWAs and the community organizations have various ways of responding and coping with AIDS. Initially, they tried to help themselves within the households. If they perceived that the burden is too much, they would ask for help from the relatives and better of families in the communities. After that they would seek some assistance outside the community. It is recommended that the capacity of the communities be strengthened. Outside organizations should assist in helping communities to find their solutions to the AIDS problem.
(THAILAND, PROVINCES, AIDS, PREVALENCE RATE, DISEASE CONTROL, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, KINSHIP, DATA COLLECTION, MULTISTAGE SAMPLING, INTERVIEWS).
Thai - pp. 57-67.
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Pilley, Catherine; Usaneya, Perngparn.
Introduction to drug use and treatments in Thailand.
This paper reviews research concerned with drug use and treatment in Thailand. There have been three major pieces of legislation in the 20th century concerning the control of drugs: Thailand Act of BE 2502 which banned opium, Thailand Act of BE 2518 which principally ratified the International Convention of Psychotropic Subtances and Thailand Act of BE 2539 which rescheduled amphetamine to Class 1.
Thailand is part of an elaborate network of illicit drug distribution in Southeast Asia. It has long been involved in the trade of opiates. Recently there has been an upward trend in the supply and use of amphetamines.
Of those using drugs in Thailand, the majority in treatment, use heroin. However, the last year has seen a large increase in those seeking help for amphetamine use.
Drug treatment ranges from herbal medicine to current development in the use of methadone. The rehabilitation of ex-drug is less developed than detoxification services. Very few centres exist. Of those which do, most favour a therapeutic community approach to rehabilitation.
HIV is a major factor in the drug using community with around 33 % in some treatment centres testing positive.
Research has tended to focus on patterns of drug use. Evaluation studies remain relatively underdeveloped which leads perhaps to a weakness in overall knowledge.
(THAILAND, SOUTHEASTERN ASIA, DRUG ADDICTION, THERAPY, LEGISLATION, MEDICAL CARE, SELF-HELP, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, AIDS, HEALTH CENTRES).
English - pp. 69-85.
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Growing concerns for the aging population in Thailand.
Thailand has recently experienced a decreasing population growth rate, from 3.0% during the period of the Third National Social and Development Plan (1972-1976) to 1.2% at present. The TFR (total fertility rate), i.e., the average number of births during a women's lifetime, has also declined from 1960-1965 to about 2.0 during 1995-2000.
In addition, a changing age structure of the population has been observed, with an increasing proportion of the aging population. The changing age structure of population is due not only to the above-mentioned decline of the population growth rate, but also to and increase over time in the life expectancy at birth are of the Thai population. The main factors contributing to the rising trend of life expectancy at birth are a decreasing mortality rate, as well as highly efficient medical treatment and public health services. The cause of death have been shifting from infectious diseases and malnutrition to accidents and chronic non-communicable diseases, such as heart, hypertensive, and cerebro-vascular ones. The latter causes of death relate to improper environmental conditions, lifestyle, and social pathology. The current paradigm of diseases is expected to hold at least into the near future.
With the rising population of the elderly in the age structure of the population, mortality and morbidity patterns automatically shift to these particular ages. The pattern of demand for health care for the elderly is thus affected. Higher life expectancy among the elderly does not mean that they are aging healthfully. Healthful aging requires preparation (preventive medicine) before getting old. However, the research shows that Thailand's aging population is concerned and preparing themselves more for financial and residential issues rather than for their health. The upcoming aging population (presently aged under 60) have also prepared themselves more for financial and residential than on health issues. Thus, one can say that the patterns of health problems for the aging in the future will not differ that much from the present ones.
(THAILAND, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, AGE DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION DECREASE, FERTILITY DECLINE, MORTALITY DECLINE, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, CAUSES OF DEATH, HEALTH CONDITIONS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE).
English - pp. 87-105.
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