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ESTUDIOS DEMOGRÁFICOS Y URBANOS, 2000, Vol. 15, N° 1 (N° 43)
PARKER, Susan W.; PEDERZINI V., Caria.
Gender and education in Mexico [Género y educación en México].
This study examines the gender gap in education in Mexico, using the 1995 Population and Housing Survey as its main source of information. The size of the sample in this survey permits an analysis of the roles of rural and urban residence and poverty in educational achievement. It also contains detailed information on the number of years of study. The results confirm that the average number of years of schooling doubled over the 40 years prior to the survey and that the gender gap has narrowed considerably. Despite the fact that girls' school attendance falls after the age of 12, there are no differences between girls and boys in terms of average years of schooling. The study provides a number of explanations of this phenomenon and suggests a close link between educational achievement and wealth in Mexico.
(MEXICO, EDUCATION, SEX DIFFERENTIALS, POVERTY, RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS, DURATION).
Spanish - pp. 97-122.
S. W. Parker, Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación, Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (Progresa-Sedesol), Mexico; C. Pederzini V., Centro de Estudios Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, El Colegio de México, Mexico.
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The division of labour in dual-earner families. An account of two families and two generations [División del trabajo en familias de dos proveedores. Relato desde ambos géneros y dos generaciones].
Within the contract of acute social transformations that have occurred since the onset of the crisis in the 1980s in Argentina, the traditional "single (male) earner" pattern has diminished, while the "dual earner" pattern has increased. In the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, the respective figures were -23% and +68% between 1980 and 1994. This transformation calls into question the established values concerning the division of labour by gender in society.
The research described in this article attempts to discover the extent to which Argentina is experiencing a Hochschild-style "suspended revolution" or the advent of Goldscheider and Waite-style "new families". Separate interviews with both members of couples in 35 middle-class dual-earner families living in Buenos Aires were used to explore the division of labour between them in comparison with the prevailing pattern in their families of origin, in addition to their images and representations concerning gender, fatherhood and motherhood and the married couple. The results show that the division of labour has moved away from the traditional model of segregated roles towards a transitional rather than an egalitarian role. The inter-generational change was not equal in all spheres; fatherhood gained far more adepts than domesticity. In other words, males increased their participation in child care far more than in household labour, which continues to be defined as female. Women did not decrease their high participation in household tasks and motherhood, yet also made inroads into traditionally male household activities.
(ARGENTINA, CAPITAL CITY, SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR, TWO-INCOME HOUSEHOLD, TRENDS, SEX ROLES).
Spanish - pp. 149-184.
C. Wainerman, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet)/Centro de Estudios de Población (Cenep), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
catalina@cenep.satlink.net
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