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97 MIGRACIONES
1998, N° 4
99.97.29 - CARRASCO CARPIO, Concha.
Underground economy and immigrant workers [Economía sumergida y trabajador inmigrante].
The present article is based on the analysis of the information obtained by an empirical estimation conducted among 1,103 non-European inmigrants, representative of the 15 more relevant nationalities in Spain. The main target of this research has been to analyze the situation of the inmigrant worker in the informal sector of the Spanish labour market. This informal sector has not been created by the inmigrant workers. The irregular inmigrant worker cannot achieve legal job contracts. This situation does not exclude them from the labour market, but it limits their participation in the informal sector.
Spanish - pp. 9-33.
(SPAIN, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, LABOUR MARKET, ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS, INFORMAL SECTOR)
Immigration and employment: Towards a model of analysis. Application in the construction sector [Inmigración y trabajo: hacia un modelo de análisis. Aplicación al sector de la construcción].
This article recovers the main questions raised in a recent research on the incidence of foreign workers in the construction sector. The authors present their general approach to the complex issue of labour markets and immigration and the result of using this approach for the analysis of the construction sector. The purpose of the author is to bring up for debate the main elements of the line of work which they are now also applying to the study of the hotel business, analyzing specific labour areas that enable us to get a more detailed view of the social and labour processes as well as to identify the different segments of the workforce, placing in them the part played by the "foreign status factor" in a more precise way.
Spanish - pp. 35-70.
(SPAIN, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, LABOUR MARKET, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, METHODOLOGY)
99.97.31 - CACHÓN RODRÍGUEZ, Lorenzo.
Spanish labour unions and immigration [Los sindicatos españoles y la inmigración].
The activity of the Spanish labour unions CC.OO (Commission of workers) and UGT (General union of workers) in the presence of the phenomenon of immigration and with immigrants, started early and since then has been constant and positive in the defence of an equal treatment at work and in society at large. This position has been encouraged by a feeling of solidarity, as well as by the advisability of defending the coherence of labour relations. Among some different activities of the Spanish labour unions, four large spheres can be distinguished: 1) the individualized attention to immigrants on the part of the labour unions' (CC.OO and UGT) have both made a big organizational effort with the creation of the networks of CITEs and Centros-Guía respectively. These organisms have shown themselves to be key parts, together with other private networks of attention to immigrants, in the process of normalization of immigration in Spain; 2) the labour unions' positions in respect of the policies which impinge on the insertion of immigrants on the labour market; 3) the actions of the labour unions in the labour markets in which immigrants are inserted; and 4) the labour unions as employers of immigrants and immigrants' participation in the labour unions.
A major contribution of labour unions to the issue of immigration (which they share with other NGOs) has been the adoption of the concern for the specific problems of the immigrants as one of their main tasks. These actions and adoption of positions fulfill an important "anticipating" function: that of preparing public opinion in general and the context of labour in particular against racism and xenophobia.
Spanish - pp. 71-109.
L. Cachón Rodríguez, Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
(SPAIN, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, IMMIGRATION, TRADE UNIONS, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION, SOCIAL POLICY)
99.97.32 - AMBROSINI, Maurizio.
Occult interests: The integration of immigrants into parallel economy [Intereses ocultos: la incorporación de los inmigrantes a la economía informal].
Immigrants' participation in the underground economy in Italy as well as abroad is very often evoked and denounced in tones of alarms but its constitutive processess, its relevant processes or its connections with the economy and the society in which it is situated are very selsom studied in depth. Our researchers have shown the existence of a labyrinth of institutional links, business interests and ways of self-organization of the immigrant offer, which have opened up a valid space for the informal integration of the immigrant workers.
Spanish - pp. 111-151.
M. Ambrosini, Dipartimento de Sociologia, Università Cattolica di Milano, Milan, Italy.
(SPAIN, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, LABOUR MARKET, SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, INFORMAL SECTOR)
99.97.33 - SUÁREZ NAVAZ, Liliana.
Dynamics and policies of invisibility. Legislation, control and "racialisation" in agricultural sector [Dinámicas y políticas de invisibilidad. Ley, vigilancia y racialización en la agricultura].
Research on the effects of foreign workers in the labour market has often assumed ethnicity as "adding" a new system of stratification to that of class. This work illustrates, on the contrary, the mutual constitution of class and ethnicity as the outcome of historical relations and processes which are in no sense purely economic, but also politically and culturally conditioned. Based on a diachronic and ethnographic research focused on the relations between African foreign workers and Spanish peasants. I explore the significant ethnic and class transformations taking place in the Andalusia countryside. I argue that the process of legitimation of control of "illegal" immigrants, constructed as outside and criminalized labour, enables the state's intervention over local issues, thus transforming consuetudinary labour practices, informal economic strategies, and local notions of autonomy and justice. Consequently, the presence of immigrants in the labour market enables the state to further modernization, not just at the economic but most fundamentally at the political and cultural levels, in the process of construction of an ordered citizenship.
Spanish - pp. 177-214.
L. Suárez Navaz, Stanford University, CA, U.S.A.
(SPAIN, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, LABOUR MARKET, AGRICULTURE, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION, EMPLOYMENT POLICY, CULTURAL CONTACTS)
99.97.34 - LÓPEZ SALA, Ana María.
Sweden facing immigration: Development and evolution of a multicultural policy [Suecia ante la inmigración: desarrollo y evolución de una política multicultural].
Sweden has been one of the European countries where the multicultural principle has got more political influence. In 1975, a multicultural policy was adopted by Parliament. The contents of the new policy were condensed in terms of three slogans: equality, freedom of choice and partnership - a radical break from the traditionally unreflected policy of assimilation. This ideal affected the construction and policy-making process of immigration and immigrant policy. In this paper, I discuss how the situation has developed over the past 20 years and show some reflections which let us to support the inevitable outcome, the fail of this kind of policy and some of their goals in this nordic country.
Spanish - pp. 215-240.
(SWEDEN, IMMIGRATION, GOVERNMENT POLICY, FOREIGNERS, CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT)
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