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50 STUDI EMIGRAZIONE
MIGRATION STUDIES
September 1998, Vol. 35, N° 131
99.50.12 - BONCOMPAGNI, Adriano.
Migrants from Tuscany in Western Australia.
There are several thousand Tuscan migrants living in Western Australia, a large enough number to warrant study of migration flow trends and geographic distribution. In addition, most Tuscans living in Western Australia come from a geographically circumscribed area within Tuscany, so it is possible to concentrate on the analysis of socio-historic reasons for their emigration. The paper suggests that many Tuscans settled in areas often in strict relation to their areas of origin. Many migrants from the mountain part of the Tuscan area - already accustomed to the local mountain activities such as wood clearing - first moved to work in the timber mill areas of Western Australia. Others, coming from the rural plain areas and accustomed to agricultural activities and tertiary services - settled in the outskirts of the city of Perth, often engaging themselves in market gardening and in services such as catering and shop ownership. The research may be considered a case study. The use of the main sources of information (the Australian Archives) and the analysis of the data collected can be replicated both for Italian migrants from different regional areas and for other ethnic groups migrated to Australia.
English - pp. 390-406.
A. Boncompagni, Department of Geography, University of Western Australia, Australia.
(AUSTRALIA, ITALY, REGIONS, IMMIGRANTS, PLACE OF ORIGIN, PLACE OF DESTINATION, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION)
99.50.13 - SENSI-ISOLANI, Paola A.
Dalle Alpi ad Atitlan: Italian emigration to Guatemala 1870-1945.
Guatemala's European settlers, while comprising a very small percentage of the total population, influenced every aspect of the country's social, cultural and political life. Among these Europeans, Italians together with Spanish immigrants, were favored by most Guatemalan governments because they were viewed as more likely to assimilate. By 1880, partly as the result of immigrant speculators, Italians - most of them from the Trento region - were the largest European born group in Guatemala. In a country where the majority indigenous population was considered an obstacle to progress, Italians were looked upon favorably, as skilled workers who would develop the country's agriculture, commerce and industry. These factors, combined with their relative isolation from Italy, and the fact that they fund themselves in a country whose values and language resembled their own, facilitated their quick assimilation. Based on interviews and archival research, this paper traces Italian immigration to Guatemala from 1870 to the immediate post-war period.
English - pp. 407-425.
P. A. Sensi-Isolani, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Saint Mary's College of California, U.S.A.
(GUATEMALA, ITALY, HISTORY, IMMIGRATION, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION)
99.50.14 - GATTI, Antonia; GONNELLA, Patrizio; LOVATI, Antonio.
Foreigners and criminal law in Italy [Stanieri e giustizia penale in Italia].
The essay deals with the relationship between migration and crime. The issue is analysed in the context of human rights (citizens, foreigners and stateless persons) and the present phenomenon of Italian immigration. Particular attention is then paid to the plight of foreign people confronted with Italian criminal law and the problems of immigrants in prison, also in the light of the new immigration law 40/1998. The final part of the study is dedicated to suggestions and experiences which have been undertaken both on a national and international level on behalf of detained foreigners.
Italian - pp. 427-450.
(ITALY, IMMIGRATION, DELINQUENCY, JUSTICE, PRISONS, FOREIGNERS)
99.50.15 - BRANDI, M. Carolina.
Training and employment of foreigners living in Rome in 1996: A potential human resources for science and technology [La formazione e l'occupazione degli stanieri residenti a Roma nel 1996: potenziali risorse umane per la scienza e la tecnologia].
Migrations of highly qualified people, albeit quantitatively scarce, represent a net gain for the country of arrival and a loss for the country of origin. We have undertaken a study of highly-qualified immigrants in Rome, one of the Italian cities in which there are both many foreign people and a high concentration of research institutions. Following the OECD guidelines, we have analysed data about foreign residents contained in the City of Rome data-bank updated to July 1996.
The conclusion is that the resident foreign population in Rome has a high mean level of instruction by no means lower than the mean level of Romans, at least up until the 1991 census. It also merges, however, that among graduates differences in level of instruction vary according to geographical areas and, above all, the level of industrialisation of the country of origin. The analysis of the professions exercised by immigrants showed that they are concentrated into two distinct groups: intellectual, scientific and highly specialised jobs and jobs which require no qualifications at all. Analysis of the crossover between level of study acquired and type of employment shows, however, that a large group of immigrants with a medium-high qualifications do jobs below their level of education. The phenomenon is limited but by no means not negligible among male graduates, and becomes very conspicuous among female graduates and all diploma holders, irrespective of gender.
Italian - pp. 453-482.
M. C. Brandi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy.
(ITALY, CAPITAL CITY, IMMIGRANTS, FOREIGNERS, SKILLED WORKERS, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, OCCUPATIONAL COMPOSITION)
99.50.16 - SCHMIDT DI FRIEDBERG, Ottavia; SAINT-BLANCAT, Chantal.
Immigration of Moroccan women in Northern Italy. A study in Venetia [L'immigration au féminin : les femmes marocaines en Italie du Nord. Une recherche en Vénétie].
Immigration of Moroccan women has only recently become in Italy the object of specific studies. Female migrants, although representing a minority when compared to their male counterpart, have drawn the attention of local society, local services in particular, because of their demands in the field of public health, family planning and education. This is the case of the Venetian Region.
Moroccan women, who have migrated either from rural or urban areas, on their own or with their husbands, are faced with new situations and bound to take important decisions about family and work. It means that they are continuously confronted with values and culture of the society of origin and those of the receiving country. The choice they can resort to does not simply consist in refusing or accepting those different values.
French - pp. 483-498.
O. Schmidt di Friedberg, University of Trieste, Italy.
(ITALY, MOROCCO, WOMEN, IMMIGRANTS, CULTURAL CONTACTS)
Migration, identity, faintness and success. Results of a longitudinal study on the young people of Italian origin in Germany and Italy [Migrazione, identità, disagi e opportunità. Risultati di uno studio longitudinale tra giovani di origine italiana in Germania ed in Italia].
The study presents the results of a field research conducted among young people of Italian origin who, after a migratory experience in Germany (South Baden), have settled in the South of Italy. The analysis refers to the process of identity building in the migratory and culticultural environment. The essay is a vital contribution to the much debated issue of peaceful coexistence and social cohesion among people coming from different ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural backgrounds. The aim is to provide social workers with the right psycho-pedagogical resources in dealing with this matter.
Italian - pp. 499-516.
A. Portera, Cattedra di Pedagogia Interculturale, Università di Verona, Italy.
(ITALY, GERMANY, YOUTH, IMMIGRANTS, RETURN MIGRATION, CULTURAL CONTACTS, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY)
The German society and immigrants in the 90s, according to Die Zeit, Der Spiegel and Stern [La società tedesca e gli immigrati negli anni '90 in Die Zeit, Der Spiegel e Stern].
The present study analyses how multicultural society in Germany has been represented in the 90s by three great national and international "opinion-makers" like the weekly magazines Die Zeit, Der Spiegel and Stern. The first part describes the situation of immigration and of the integration of migrant minorities in the Federal Republic between the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) and 1997. The second part examines how the three weeklies covered the theme "German society and immigrants" in 1992 and in 1996. These two different periods of time permit to consider the development of the coverages in a phase characterised by many exceptional and tragic events connected with immigration (1992) and in a phase in which the number of these incidents decreases and the media are confronted with the ordinary integration process between Germans and foreign population (1996). The results of the study lead to the following conclusion: the three images of immigration "created" by Die Zeit, Der Spiegel and Stern are diversified forms of reduction of a very complex reality. They present distortions more or less accentuated according to the particular criteria of selection and production of news typical of their different editorial lines.
Italian - pp. 517-535.
L. Deponti, CSERPE, Basilea, Italy.
(GERMANY, IMMIGRANTS, MEDIA, PUBLIC OPINION, SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS)
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