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40 ESTUDIOS MIGRATORIOS
LATINOAMERICANOS
April 1997, Vol. 12, N° 35
"Migration in the countries of Mercosur
(1860-1990) "
99.40.1 - LATTES, Alfredo E.; BERTONCELLO, Rodolfo.
Demographic dynamics, migrants from boundary countries and economic activity in Buenos Aires [Dinámica demográfica, migración limítrofe y actividad económica en Buenos Aires].
This document presents some preliminary results of an ongoing research on the relation between demographic dynamics, migration and population dynamics of very specific sub-groups such as economically active population in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area between 1981 and 1991. It is hypothesized here that population's level of economic activity is influenced by changes in age and sex strucrure as well as in place of origin (migration condition); the study of the migrants' participation in economic activity must be therefore undertaken within the frame of the more general changes in economic activity and demographic dynamics of the population as a whole. This would allow researchers to overcome approaches to the analysis of changes in labour supply which consider population as an exogen variable. Sample analysis of changes occurred between 1980 and 1991 make the demographic effects on levels of activity apparent.
Spanish - pp. 5-30.
A. E. Lattes, Centro de Estudios de Población-CENEP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
(ARGENTINA, CAPITAL CITY, POPULATION DYNAMICS, LABOUR FORCE, IMMIGRANT WORKERS)
Migrants from boundary countries in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires' labor market, 1980-1996 [Migrantes limítrofes en el mercado de trabajo del Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, 1980-1996].
Despite down and upswings and an increasing worsening of Argentine economy since the mid 1970s, immigration from boundary countries increased, supplying labor mainly in the informal sector of the economy. Since 1991 onwards, deep changes in Argentine economy influenced the metropolitan labor market, questions arise as to the present and future role of migration from boundary countries. A sustained increase in unemployment and underemployment rates as from 1993 resulted from a severe reduction in jobs, mainly in the manufacturing and building industries. The effects of these changes are analyzed by comparing the job structure of this group of migrants to that of the overall population in 1980, 1991 and 1996. While there have been important changes in the job structure affecting both groups, immigrants seem to be taking the worse part, confined to always smaller areas in the labour market. While in those niches immigrants are found in increasing proportions, the question to be asked is whether their role in the supply of labor will still be complementary of the native labor force, or whether the decrease in labor demand will trigger competition. Another relevant questions are whether those immigration flows will reduce in response to dwindling labor demand or whether their own networks and push factors at origin will keep them stable, and how regional treaties like Mercosur may influence regional mobility.
Spanish - pp. 31-62.
A. Maguid, CONICET/INDEC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
(ARGENTINA, CAPITAL CITY, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, ECONOMIC RECESSION, LABOUR MARKET)
Socioeconomic networks and urban markets: The Italian community in Valparaíso at the turn of the century [Redes socioeconómicas y mercados urbanos: la colectividad italiana de Valparaíso en el cambio de siglo].
Italian immigrants in Valparaíso, a buoyant Chilean port and city, found an opportunity for economic success and upward mobility in commercial activities not undertaken by natives. They were able to establish their own networks and to concentrate in retail foodstores. The main features of this process are analyzed by recurring to different sources.
Spanish - pp. 153-186.
B. Estrada, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
(CHILE, ITALY, IMMIGRANT WORKERS, ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, SOCIAL MOBILITY, INTEGRATION)
99.40.4 - CACOPARDO, María Cristina; LOPEZ, Elsa.
Family, work and fertility among migrants from boundary countries [Familia, trabajo y fecundidad de los migrantes de países limítrofes].
A first set of results of a research on households from migrants from boundary countries is analyzed here. Main object is the study of family structure and work among Bolivian, Chilean, Paraguayan and Uruguayan immigrants within each community's own socil-cultural frame. The article analyzes information from the 1991 census, in particular concerning the family structure, job structure of household heads and other household members, and fertility of household heads' wives.
Spanish - pp. 187-217.
M. C. Cacopardo et E. Lopez, Maestría en Demografía Social, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina.
(ARGENTINA, IMMIGRANTS, HOUSEHOLD, FAMILY COMPOSITION, EMPLOYMENT, FERTILITY)
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40 ESTUDIOS MIGRATORIOS
LATINOAMERICANOS
August 1997, Vol. 12, N° 36
Education and ethnicity in a comparative perspective. Danish immigrants in the Prairies and in the Pampas, 1860-1930 [Educación y etnicidad en una perspectiva comparada. Los inmigrantes daneses en la pradera y en la pampa, 1860-1930].
The paper analyses the transformation, reproduction and continuity of the Danish culture in the rural worlds of Iowa and Buenos Aires. It intends to elucidate the manner in which the institutional-based practices of Danish immigrants influenced their divergent adaptations to the host societies of the United States and Argentina. The focus for the analysis are both ethnic institutions - especially the church and the parochial schools - and the institutions of the host society, in particular the common schools.
Spanish - pp. 251-280.
M. Bjerg, Instituto de Estudios Históricos Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
(ARGENTINA, UNITED STATES, DENMARK, HISTORY, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION, CULTURE)
99.40.6 - BESTENE, Jorge Omar.
Two visions of the Arab immigrant: Juan A. Alsina et Santiago M. Peralta [Dos imágenes del inmigrante árabe: Juan A. Alsina y Santiago M. Peralta].
Immigrants from Middle East, mainly Syrian and Lebanese, play a relevant role among immigrants coming to Argentina since mid-19th century on account of their number and their economic, social and political importance. Their growing numbers draw the attention of official and others by the end of the 19th century; by 1950 over 150,000 Syrian and Lebanese were settled all over the country and their economic and political wieght was far from disdainable, especially in the northwestern provinces. Was the image of Arab immigrants in the 1940s similar to that at the turn of the century? Did their position in the local society soften the vision of them as "unwanted immigrants" in earlier times? Were there discriminatory behaviours agains this ethnic group? We intend to answer this questions through the analysis of the discourse and the actions of two directors of the Argentine immigration department, i.e., Juan Alsina (1890-1910) and Santiago Peralta (1945-1947).
Spanish - pp. 281-303.
(ARGENTINA, WESTERN ASIA, HISTORY, IMMIGRANTS, DISCRIMINATION)
The aristocrat and immigration. Italian immigration in Argentina as per Estanislao Zeballos' "Diario de Viaje a Europa" (1903-1904) [El aristócrata y la inmigración. La inmigración italiana a la Argentina según el Diario de viaje a Europa de Estanislao Zeballos (1903-1904)].
This paper gathers, from the notes taken by an Argentine lawyer, politician and intellectual, E. Zeballos, on the occasion of his travel to Europe his views regarding Italian immigration. Although Argentine historiography has often dealt with the view of the ruling class on the consequences of immigration through official reports, press debates or literary fiction, the virtue of Zeballos' diario lies in its spontaneous nature, deriving from a personal experience and including cultural and anthropological reflections. A general picture of the positive and negative aspects as seen by the author is drawn, which results in a balanced appreciation by Zeballos - of the exchanges and transformations produced both in the Argentine and the Italian societies.
Spanish - pp. 305-324.
R. C. Paredes, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
(ARGENTINA, ITALY, HISTORY, IMMIGRATION, SOCIAL CHANGE, UPPER CLASS)
99.40.8 - RODRIGUEZ, Mariángela.
Quebradita dance. The making of imagined communities among Mexicans in Los Angeles, California [El baile de la Quebradita. La conformación de comunidades imaginadas entre los mexicanos en Los Angeles, California].
Quebradita dance is a synthesis of country western, rock and roll and some influences are from Latin America. This kind of music is of migrant or first generation youth, and their migratory experience is still very sharp and clear. Young Mexican immigrants living in Los Angeles have set up Quebradita dance clubs, which are kinds of "imaginary communities", in which the assertion of cultural identity of the young people can take varied forms, of which some are detailed in this article.
Spanish - pp. 325-340.
M. Rodriguez, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social de México, Mexico.
(UNITED STATES, MEXICO, YOUTH, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION, POPULAR CULTURE)
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