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24 ESTUDIOS DEMOGRÁFICOS Y URBANOS
January-April 1998, Vol. 13, N° 1
99.24.4 - SATTERTHWAITE, David.
Sustainable cities or cities that contribute to sustainable Development? [¿Ciudades sustentables o ciudades que contribuyen al desarrollo sustentable?].
This article outlines a framework for assessing the environmental performance of cities in regard to the meeting of sustainable development goals. It also considers how the environmental goals fit with the social, economic and political goals of sustainable development and the kinds of national frameworks and international contexts needed to encourage city-based consumers, enterprises and governments to progress towards their achievement. In a final section, it considers the extent to which the recommendations of the Habitat II conference helped to encourage national governments and city and municipal authorities in this direction.
Spanish - pp. 5-48.
(ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, ENVIRONMENT, CITIES)
The state of the environment in Latin American cities [El estado del medio ambiente en las ciudades latinoamericanas].
The author describes the environment in Latin American cities, detailing the negative effects on the urban environment that result from the combination of an increasing demographic growth, the process of urbanization and the concentration of economic activities in some cities. Besides analysing some serious water, soil and air problems, this work offers a general picture of the institutional changes that are taking place and that allow us to foresee, even in a context of poverty, some alternatives for facing environmental damage. According to the author, the basic changes needed to improve the environment in Latin America regard implementing educational programs to develop an authentic awareness and careful behavior towards the environment.
Spanish - pp. 49-78.
J. D. Dávila, University College, London, U.K.
(LATIN AMERICA, CITIES, ENVIRONMENT, EDUCATION)
99.24.6 - QUESNEL, André; VIMARD, Patrice.
Family recomposition and agrarian transformations: Two African cases and a Mexican one [Recomposición familiar y transformaciones agrarias. Lectura de dos casos africanos y uno mexicano].
The authors discuss the role of the demographic regime, and particularly its changes, in agrarian transformations. The hypothesis that guides this research, the results of which are presented in the article, is that the factor of demographic structure explains the workings and reproduction of several social formations. The authors are specially interested in rethinking the debate over the role of innovation in the relation between population and production changes.
Although they claim that the agrarian transformations that occur in the studied regions are a result of demographic changes, the authors emphasize that these transformations are also influenced by their wider social context, wherefore their relations with market economy, urban society and wage work must be considered to explain more comprehensively the mutual influences between the demographic, technological and socioeconomic spheres.
Spanish - pp. 113-140.
A. Quesnel and P. Vimard, ORSTOM, UR36, Centre Saint-Charles, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
(AFRICA, MEXICO, AGRARIAN REFORM, POPULATION DYNAMICS, ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHY)
99.24.7 - GONZÁLEZ CERVERA, Alfonso S.
The study of reproductive behavior set in cultural perspective [El estudio del comportamiento reproductivo desde una perspectiva cultural].
The objective of this research is to develop a methodological proposal for studying the relation between culture and human reproduction, seeking particularly to apply it in the Mexican population, although without excluding its possible utility in other circumstances. With this purpose in mind, the author proposes, a definition of culture, based on values and, combined with the scheme of intermediate fertility variables developed by K. Davis and J. Blake. The study of culture is defined by the analysis of normative order and actual order, which implicitly or explicitly reflect their characteristic values.
The results of the study suggest that the prevailing Mexican values have favored high fertility. However, there are important differences between population groups (for example, between those with a higher and lower educational level). There is evidence of contradictory values, both individually and collectively, and of new valuation processes.
Spanish - pp. 141-182.
A. S. González Cervera, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Mexico.
(MEXICO, REPRODUCTION, BEHAVIOUR, CULTURE, FERTILITY DETERMINANTS, VALUE SYSTEMS)
99.24.8 - PIMIENTA LASTRA, Rodrigo.
Assessment and adjustment of census population data [Evaluación y ajuste de los datos censales de población: 1930-1990].
This article assesses and corrects total population data by age and sex from the 1930-1990 census, for nine regions in Mexico. The assessment is based on the Whipple, Myers and United Nations indexes, and the corrections were carried out with the United Nations 1/16 techniques.
Spanish - pp. 183-224.
R. Pimienta Lastra, Departamento de Política y Cultura, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Mexico.
(MEXICO, POPULATION CENSUS, QUALITY OF DATA, DATA CLEANING)
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