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Chile (Santiago) 21
NOTAS DE POBLACION
JUNE 1997 - VOLUME 25, NUMBER 65
98.21.1 - Spanish - Miguel VILLA and Jorge RODRÍGUEZ, Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía, Santiago (Chile)
Socio-demographic dynamics of Latin American metropolises during the second half of 20th century (Dinámica sociodemográfica de las metrópolis latinoamericanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX) (p. 17-110)
Nearly 30% of the Latin American population lived in 42 cities of over 1 million inhabitants in 1995. An interpretation of this acute demographic concentration - a feature of the region's urbanization process - is presented. A survey of the evolution of these cities during the last half century suggests that fertility decline and decreased net migration have accounted for a gradual lowering of the secular concentration drive. A deeper analysis of these trends, centered on eight metropolises -the largest cities- is carried out in order to identify relevant contextual contributory factors. Lastly, taking into account their spatial characteristics, the internal heterogenity of growth patterns of these metropolises, as well as some socio-demographic inequities, are discussed. (LATIN AMERICA, METROPOLIS, POPULATION DYNAMICS, URBANIZATION, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS)
98.21.2 - Spanish - W. R. BÖHNING, International Labour Office, Geneva (Switzerland)
Do integration, assimilation or multi-cultural policies work? (¿Producen resultados las políticas de integración, asimilación o multiculturalismo?) (p. 111-126)
The paper distinguishes macro and micro-level concepts of economic "integration". Different policy approaches to deal with the integration of migrants in anglo-saxon and Western European countries are discussed. Without denying the importance of existing integration policy approaches, the author concludes that the socioeconomic success of migrants, and chiefly a satisfactory incorporation in the labor market, is much more important. The conclusions are based on an analysis of unemployment rates of different immigrants cohorts, of different integration policy approaches and of social cohesion, measured through indicators of major ethnic clashes notorious in the public domain. This highlights the relevance of policies aimed at preventing socioeconomic marginalization of migrants in receiving countries. (MIGRANT ASSIMILATION, GOVERNMENT POLICY, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
98.21.3 - Spanish - Jorge A. BUSTAMANTE, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Mexico)
Mexico-United States labour migration: Some theoretical and methodological innovations and research findings (La migración laboral entre México y los Estados Unidos: Innovaciones teóricas y metodológicas y resultados de investigaciones) (p. 127-144)
A critical exposition of the different views regarding migration between Mexico and the United States that exist on both sides of the border is presented. The research reported aims to help in demythifying negative and reductionist conceptions of the migratory phenomenon, without which it will be very difficult to attain shared policy approaches of mutual benefit for the two countries involved. The circular nature of a large part of migratory flows are shown, and supply and demand factors are discussed in conjunction with the role played by the asymmetry of power between those who supply and those who demand labor. The need to develop bilateral research and policy analysis efforts is emphasized. (MEXICO, UNITED STATES, LABOUR MIGRATION, FRONTIER MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, METHODOLOGY)
98.21.4 - Spanish - Rosana BAENINGER, Núcleo de Estudios de Población, Universidad Estadual de Campinas (Brazil)
Spatial population distribution in Brazil: Characteristics and trends (Redistribución espacial de la población: Características y tendencias del caso brasileño) (p. 145-202)
An analysis of the processes of spatial population redistribution in Brazil is presented, whose dynamics is a consequence of urbanization and migratory movements. Low population growth rates in Brazilian metropolitan areas are a sign of a new territorial configuration and reorganization of the population and of the strength of small and medium size cities in specific regional contexts.
The emergence of new forms of population movements signals the following trends in the process of population redistribution: the decline of long distance migratory flows; the intensification of return migration; the consolidation of intra-metropolitan migration, especially from the urban nucleus to the periphery and between peripheries; the increase of short distance migratory movements, mainly intra and inter-regional, and the predominance of urban-urban movements.
Although these processes have been unfolding in different ways in the diverse regions of Brazil, in the State of Sao Paulo these phenomena are more evident, expressing more clearly the new urbanization scenario, whose main characteristic is related to the polarized dispersion of migration, population and economic activities. (BRAZIL, URBANIZATION, INTERNAL MIGRATION, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION)
98.21.5 - Spanish - Jorge MARTÍNEZ PIZARRO, Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía, Santiago (Chile)
Spatial redistribution of Chilean population (Redistribución espacial de la población de Chile) (p. 203-245)
Some important characteristics of the dynamics of the spatial distribution of the Chilean population during the second half of the 20th century are studied. It refers to the 13 geographical and administrative regions and to the main 16 cities that, in 1992, had over 100 thousand inhabitants.
Demographic and urbanization trends are examined, and considerations on the future prospects of the national system of cities and the internal migration patterns are included. Among the most important findings are the observed stability of the concentration patterns of the Chilean population (regional and urban) and the scarce population in the extreme north and south of the country. However, there are also hints of a slow down of the referred concentration trends. In the case of the inter-regional migration it was found that the Metropolitan Area of Santiago is still the main area of attraction. (CHILE, INTERNAL MIGRATION, URBANIZATION, POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION)
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