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ESTUDIOS DEMOGRAFICOS Y URBANOS
JANUARY-APRIL 1995 - VOLUME 10, NUMBER 1 (N° 28)
97.24.1 - Spanish - Ismael AGUILAR BARAJAS, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Departamento de Economía y Centro de Estudios Estratégicos, Monterrey (Mexico)
Population and economics in Quintana Roo: Some considerations from recent experience (Población y economía en el estado de Quintana Roo: Algunas consideraciones de la experiencia reciente) (p. 5-34)
This article focuses on the explosive population growth in Quintana Roo during the last few years and its bonds and implications in the local economy. First, the article briefly describes population structure, emphasizing some migratory and socioeconomic aspects. Next it considers the status sectoral and regional production structure, which put forth the strong dependence on tourism and its concentration in Cancun. In the conclusions population and economic aspects entwine, providing a more comprehensive developmental perspective. (MEXICOE, REGIONS, POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)
97.24.2 - Spanish - Gustavo GARZA, Centro de Estudios Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano de El Colegio de México (Mexico), and Fernando ARAGÓN, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla (Mexico)
Atmospheric pollution in Mexico City at a megalopolitan scale (La contaminación atmosférica de la ciudad de México en escala megalopolitana) (p. 35-66)
The purpose of this article is to analyse atmospheric pollution levels in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, its sources, its effect on public health, and the policies issued to reduce the problem. The central thesis states that policies issued up to now are far from reducing atmospheric pollution in the Valley of Mexico, and, even worse, it clearly foresees that this environmental problem will acquire a megalopolitan dimension, which implies chain damage to the valleys of neighbouring cities: Toluca, Cuernavaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Queretaro. This situation seriously threatens the self-regenerative potential of the city ecosystems by breaking the basic harmony between population and nature. Avoiding it through specific urban-regional policy actions is pressing. (MEXICO, MEGALOPOLIS, AIR POLLUTION)
97.24.3 - Spanish - Muriel COUTURIER, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, Toulouse (France), and Víctor ISLAS, Programa de Ciencia y Tecnología, El Colegio de México (Mexico)
Transportation and mobility in the Chalco region (Transporte y movilidad en la región de Chalco) (p. 67-104)
This study explores the conditions and logic of passenger transportation in the Chalco district and compares it to general transportation characteristics in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. The main goal is to explain why the people who live in Chalco accept so extremely difficult conditions in everyday transportation, and why, in spite of these conditions, they continue settling in this zone.
A first explanation combines two factors: on the one hand, the time and cost excess of travel are part of the sacrifices made by the new and young Chalco settlers for the sake of having their own houses and, on the other, the relatively low cost of the plots. However, not all Chalco inhabitants have the same difficulties; some enjoy very good public transportation and even certain advantages, due to location. In any case, the deficient transportation and dangerous road systems in Chalco, specially in its south and west areas, are evidence that urban transport policy in Mexico is unfair and faulty for most of the population.
This seems to prove that what determines house location is more the actual availability of the plots (costs, facilities, organization) than a long-term minimization of money and time investments, as has been said more frequently. (MEXICO, CAPITAL CITY, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, COMMUTING, TRANSPORT)
97.24.4 - Spanish - René Martín ZENTENO QUINTERO, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Mexico)
From the ranch of the Tia Juana to Tijuana: A brief history of development and population in the Mexican northern border (Del rancho de la Tía Juana a Tijuana: Una breve historia de desarrollo y población en la frontera norte de México) (p. 105-132)
The Mexican northern border region has undergone one of the most significant and interesting populations growths of this century in the country. In strictly demographic terms, this growth is explained almost completely by the intense migration to the region from the rest of the country. Tijuana has been the most extraordinary example of the modern demographic history of the northern border. This article is an essay on the economic, social, and demographic development of this important urban center during this century. It's purpose is two fold. On the one hand, to understand Tijuana's general population change in light of a unique socioeconomic development in the country, which has been characterized by a close dependence on the United States as will as by the creation of several federal programs aimed to integrate the border and the national economies. On the other hand, to introduce the discussion of the Mexico-United States border region to the non-specialist in this field. (MEXICO, BOUNDARIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE, INTERNAL MIGRATION)
97.24.5 - Spanish - Carlos Antonio GARCÍA MOLINA, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, CRIM-UNAM (Mexico), and María Victoria LÓPEZ LÓPEZ, Escuela de Salud Pública de México, ESPM-INSP (Mexico)
Avoidable death causes and their effects on life expectancy. The case of the Northern frontier, 1980-1990 (Causas de muerte evitables y su contribución al incremento en la esperanza de vida. El caso de la frontera norte, 1980-1990) (p. 133-166)
The results presented here dispute the assertion that "in Mexico structural change in mortality due to causes is immerse in an epidemiological transition process." When death is the result of morbid processes that could have been avoided or at least kept from producing fatal consequences -- through socioeconomic measures, health care, and medical knowledge and technology -- it is clear that there exists a structural determination that does not allow large population sectors to acquire "modern epidemiological profiles."
Data on mortality and morbidity in various districts of the Northern frontier from 1979 to 1991 were adjusted according to the Preston-Coale procedure and life tables were built for 1980 and 1990. Contributions of groups of avoidable causes to life expectancy gains during this period, by sex and age, were obtained according to the Pollard procedure.
An important finding is a 4.1 year increase of life expectancy due, among other causes, to a slight decrease in avoidable death causes, although these still produce about 50% of deaths. Excessive male mortality is still due to avoidable causes, since accidents and violence contribute highly to death rates. Finally, it was possible to define some high-risk groups which should become priority if we hope life expectancy to increase again. (MEXICO, REGIONS, CAUSES OF DEATH, LIFE EXPECTANCY, MORTALITY DECLINE)
97.24.6 - Spanish - Anne R. PEBLEY, Population Research Center, RAND (U.S.A.), and Noreen GOLDMAN, Office of Population Research, Princeton University (U.S.A.)
Immunization and pregnancy-related services in Guatemala (La inmunización y los servicios relacionados con el embarazo en Guatemala) (p. 167-180)
This article examines the Guatemala experience, during the 80s, of providing child immunization, accomplished in part through a national vaccine campaign, and pregnancy-related health services, through a system of government and non-government entities. Results show that campaign-type health programs often reach more population sectors than services offered in clinics. Specifically, compared to the coverage of the immunization program, differences in the use of pregnancy-related services are greater, due to individual ethnicity, community ethnicity, distance from a clinic, and distance from Guatemala City. (GUATEMALA, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, PRENATAL CARE)
97.24.7 - Spanish - Óscar CUÉLLAR S., Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco (Mexico)
Relations between population, development, and poverty according to Mexican university professors (Relaciones entre población, desarrollo y pobreza según los profesores universitarios mexicanos) (p. 181-204)
With data from a survey applied to random samples of university professors in seven Mexican cities during the late eighties, this article examines professors opinions on the relations between population, development, and poverty. After reviewing tendencies and arguments on population and development found in literature, it provides three simple typologies of population conciousness, poverty determinants, and best economic development plans for the country. It then studies their relations, and concludes by outlining the type of reasoning in each of the main orientations detected by the analysis. (MEXICO, POPULATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY, OPINION SURVEYS)
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