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Mexico (Mexico City) 24

ESTUDIOS DEMOGRAFICOS Y URBANOS

SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1993 - VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3

96.24.1 - Spanish - Jane R. RUBIN KURTZMAN, Rand, Santa Monica, CA (U.S.A.)

Lessons for the future? Changes in the determinants of female employment in times of recession, Mexico City, 1970-1976 (ĄLecciones para el futuro? Cambios en los determinantes del empleo femenino en ˇpocas de recesi—n en la Ciudad de Mˇxico, 1970-1976) (p. 493-523)

Between 1970 and 1976 the individual- and household-level determinants of female labor supply and of salaried versus non-salaried employment in Mexico City were affected by the deterioration of the economy and by demographic transformations which modified the individual and household composition of the working population. Married women and urban-origin migrants were significantly more likely to work in 1976 than 1970. As pressures to contribute to the household economy increased, women were less vulnerable to the labor force participation of other household members. Although changes in the determinants of salaried employment between 1970 and 1976 were non-significant, the modest changes anticipated were in the expected direction and were consistent with those observed in the 1980s. (MEXICO, EMPLOYMENT, WOMEN, HOUSEHOLD INCOME)

96.24.2 - Spanish - Gabriel ESTRELLA VALENZUELA, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad Aut—noma de Baja-California (Mexico) Legal international migration through Mexico's northern border (Migraci—n internacional legal desde la frontera norte de Mˇxico) (p. 559-600) The present work evaluates an unforeseen effect on Mexico of the Simpson-Rodino Law of 1986: The expansion of the pool of legal Mexican commuter workers to the United States. The analysis of the law's impact on this labor sector (consisting of workers residing in the northern Mexican border zone who are legally and regularly employed in the United States) in terms of numbers of workers, age, sex, education, family structure and location of residence is based on information generated for the state of Baja California through the Demographic Surveys of 1986 and 1990. Using these data and LOGIT regression models, which include variables related to individuals as well as their household members and their context, statistical evidence is generated in support of the propositions that, i) an expansion occurred of the spectrum of social strata incurring in this type of migration; ii) the selectivity characteristics of new entrants into this migration group show a reproduction strategy oriented toward upward mobility; and iii) contextual factors led to a geographic redistribution of the commuter migrant group in the state of Baja California. (MEXICO, UNITED STATES, FRONTIER WORKERS, COMMUTING)

96.24.3 - Spanish - Carlos GARROCHO, El Colegio Mexiconse (Mexico) Efficiency, equality and fairness in the location of children's health services in the State of Mexico (Eficiencia, igualdad y equidad en la localizaci—n de los servicios de salud infantil del Estado de Mˇxico) (p. 601-640) This article analyzes the relevance of quantitative models in urban and regional planning by discussing their advantages and limitations and by stressing that these models are not ideologically neutral, especially in their relationship with the theories, values and interests inevitably involved in their design and use. The work proposes a means of utilizing three fundamental criteria of social justice in the analysis of the spatial fairness of the process of decentralization of public pediatric services in the city of Toluca (state of Mexico). In the empirical analysis, different scenarios for the location of services are simulated using a location-allocation model that includes a spatial interaction model. These options are evaluated in terms of their efficiency, equality and fairness of access. (MEXICO, HEALTH, CHILDREN, PUBLIC SERVICES, DECENTRALIZATION)

96.24.4 - Spanish - Boris GRAIZBORD, Centro de Estudios Demogr‡ficos y de Desarrollo Urbano de El Colegio de Mˇxico (Mexico) Electoral behavior in the megalopolis (El comportamiento electoral en la megal—polis) (p. 641-654)

Electoral Geography provides and interesting approach to the study of human spatial behavior. In this paper the author tries to bring together some economic and political analytical models to make sense on the 1988 presidential election results in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and surrounding "megapolitan" region. From a "soft", empirical analysis it becomes clear that the votes in favor of the different parties in the political spectrum reflect the spatial structure and areal differentiation of the region. (MEXICO, MEGALOPOLIS, POLITICAL PARTIES)

96.24.5 - Spanish - Javier DELGADO, Instituto Doctor Josˇ Mar'a Luis Mora (Mexico) Queretaro: Toward the city-region (Querˇtaro: Hacia la ciudad-regi—n) (p. 655-699) This study systematizes the different spatial forms adopted by an intermediate-sized city during phases of growth closely linked to different socioeconomic processes. Because of the importance of this type of city, an unusual type of urbanization in Mexico, the work can be useful in addressing some of the most common planning problems. (MEXICO, URBANIZATION, URBAN PLANNING)

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