Back to home page1994 - VOLUME 37, NUMBER 1
94.47.01 - English - Judith JUHASZ
International Migration in Hungary (p. 32-59)
Following the significant political and social upheaval which has occurred in Eastern Europe, the shape and size of internal and external population movements in Hungary have been transformed. The lifting of all obstacles to freedom of movement between neighbouring countries and the economic, political, social and ethnic situations have led to massive waves of emigration. Hungary has become one of the transit countries for emigrants towards the West as well as a country of destination for these same emigrants, which is, at least in part, due to the restrictive policies prevalent in the Western European countries. Over the past three or four years, immigration has become an often spectacular and serious social, economic and political problem for Hungarian society. In order to gain a better understanding of these issues, it is necessary both to have a detailed knowledge of the current situation and to analyse its historical dimensions. The first part of this article presents a rapid overview of migratory movements in past centuries and the historical events which are likely to have influenced the current migratory process. The second part concentrates on recent events. Using the existing statistical data, the author demonstrates the main trends and the types and characteristics of migrants and describes some of the political consequences of the phenomenon as well as providing possible explanations of the opinions and attitudes of the population in this respect. (HUNGARY, TRANSITIONAL SOCIETY, IMMIGRATION)
94.47.02 - English - Laszlo HABLICSEK
Family and Household Projection, 1990-2010 (p. 60-84)
94.47.03 - English - Gergely GAL and Ibolya STRENYER
Changes in Reflection of the Demography in China - I. Social Issues with Relation to Family Planning (p. 85-99)
The present article deals with population trends in China. The first part covers the social problems linked to family planning and, in particular, trends in sexual behaviour. The authors study the deep and varied transformations influencing social relationships at the level of local communities, such as changing attitudes of young people with regard to their sexual lives and marriage, early marriage, celibacy, divorce, increased occurrence of bigamy and remarriage of older people. (CHINA, SOCIAL CHANGE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR, ATTITUDE)
94.47.04 - English - Csaba KAROSSY and Janos PUSKAS
Some Demographic Characteristics of a Border Nationality Village on the Basis of Epitaphs in Cemetery (p. 100-108)
1994 - VOLUME 37, NUMBER 2
94.47.05 - English - Gergely GAL and Ibolya STRENYER
Changes in Reflection of the Demography in China - II. "The Chinese Model" of Family Planning/Birth Control/Healthy Family
The authors study the factors behind Chinese birth rates - such as the large number of women of childbearing age and the predominantly farming community. The expression "one child per couple" is an over-simplification as, in the implementation of the policy, account has been taken of the differing contexts in rural and urban zones and the specific conditions of the various ethnic groups. The population of China is enormous, there is insufficient land for cultivation and the per capita volume of natural resources is very low. Living and educational standards are lower than elsewhere. In the urban areas, the average habitable surface area per person was only 6.7 mē in 1990. The authors describe the Chinese Government's ambition to develop a new and modern socio-economic system with the help of its family planning programme. (CHINA, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, POPULATION POLICY)
94.47.06 - English - Emil VALKOVICS
Some Considerations on the Three Components of the Heligman-Pollard Formula (p. 203-229)
The publication of the Heligman-Pollard life table model in 1980 was a turning point in the long, but disappointing history of attempts to model the various functions of a life table. This model has been and is still used with success for modelling the age-specific mortality quotients of different life tables and has only bezph13en very slightly modified. The author suggests a new adjustment method using the Gompertz function in order to improve the quality of adjustment of the Heligman-Pollard formula at old ages. He also suggests a mathematical re-formulation of the formula's three terms in order to facilitate and simplify the adjustment procedure without increasing the number of parameters or losing the quality of adjustment. As these methodological considerations have only been tested on two Hungarian life tables, the author only presents them as being suggestions made for researchers to judge from. (METHODOLOGY, LIFE TABLES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS)
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