Back to home page1993 - VOLUME 8, NUMBER 25
94.40.01 - Spanish - Rudolph J. VECOLI
The Significance of Immigration in the Formation of an American Identity (El significado de la inmigracion en la formacion de la identidad americana) (p. 315-336)
The United States were from the very beginning of the nation, a complex ethnic mosaic, whose identity was ideological in nature and designed to fit the exclusive racial and ethnic features of the dominant group. Restrictions to citizenship would be challenged by millions of immigrants arrived in the United States in three major waves since 1820, each one of them raising a sense of peril and fear of loss or pollution of the American identity among nativist groups, and an obsession with assimilation expressed in the Angloconformizily and Melting Pot ideologies. Pluralism was born out of the collapse of Anglo-American hegemony, and American attitudes continue to oscillate between nativism and cosmopolitanism, while excluded groups keep fighting for their share of equality. (UNITED STATES, HISTORY, IMMIGRATION, CIVIL RIGHTS, IDEOLOGY)
94.40.02 - Spanish - Gianfausto ROSOLI
International Migrations, New Ethnic Identities and Multicultural Societies (Migraciones internacionales, nuevas identidades étnicas y sociedades multiculturales) (p. 337-350)
The opposition between "old" (stable, usually enjoying citizenship and a place in the history of the State of which they are citizens) and "new" (immigrant) minorities is analyzed, as well as the many challenges this coexistence represents, mainly that offacing and resolving the problem of integration, by admitting, both the host society and the migrants, the need for a confrontation of each other's values, behaviors, etc. Pluralism in Europe should not be confined to those cultures, ethnic groups and languages representing the cultural map of fifty years ago. Inequality imposed upon non-EC immigrants is not consistent with officially proclaimed policies. (EUROPE, ETHNIC MINORITIES, IMMIGRANTS, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION, DISCRIMINATION)
94.40.03 - Spanish - Antonio PEROTTI
The Role and Project of School in Pluricultural Societies in Europe (El rol y el proyecto de la escuela en las sociedades pluriculturales de Europa) (p. 351-362)
To a historically pluricultural Europe new immigrant cultures add a new dc facts pluriculturality marked by social and juridical inequality. Immigrants lend to preserve their cultural identity for reasons related to their historical background, media influence, etc. When considering the concept of pluricultural society, a number of ambiguities should be avoided, in order not to make of this concept a synonym for "libanization" or "balkanization". The school in Europe has become a very important socialization space, influencing children during the crucial period of the building of cultural identity. An adequate education model to face this new reality is still to be made, involving knowledge to be transmitted, abilities to be developed and a new education system. (EUROPE, IMMIGRANTS, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, CULTURAL CHANGE)
94.40.04 - Spanish - Raimondo CAGIANO DE AZEVEDO
The Difficulties in Evaluating the Interaction of Migrants (Los problemas de evaluacion de la integracion de los migrantes) (p. 363-398)
Migrations in Europe have changed significantly in the last three decades, both in scope and nature, and involving new countries. It is therefore necessary to reconsider the concept of integration and the ways to measure it. It must also be taken into account that migration matters cannot be dealt with within national units, but require coordinated, agreed upon policies in countries (or even greater units) of origin and destination. The particular case of Italy with a large quantity of emigrants abroad and an important incoming flow of new immigrants is considered especially. Also the difficulties and possibilities of an accurate estimation of Italians abroad are analyzed. (EUROPE, ITALY, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION)
94.40.05 - Spanish - Bruno RAMIREZ
Migrations, Ethnicity and World History: A North American Perspective (Migraciones, etnicidad e historia mundial: perspectiva desde la América del Norte) (p. 399-414)
The author considers the development of migration history in North America, focusing on qualitative historiographic achievements which led to the legitimation of migration history and its inclusion in the "national history" of the United States and Canada. The analysis of recent historiographic trends concerning migration history leads to a reflection on perspectives for the future. (UNITED STATES, CANADA, IMMIGRATION, HISTORY)
94.40.06 - Spanish - Boris FAUSTO
A Balance of Sao Paulo State Immigration Historiography (Um balanço da historiografia da imigraçao para o estado de Sao Paulo) (p. 415-440)
The article analyzes the evolution of Brazilian -or rather paulista-academic production of the last fifty years regarding mass migration to Brazil (1880-1930). The author reviews the main interpretive lines regarding social mobility, integration and cultural pluralism, as well as the historiographical controversy on immigrants' political participation. Future lines of research are signaled. (BRAZIL, HISTORY, IMMIGRATION, RESEARCH)
94.40.07 - Spanish - Fernando J. DEVOTO
On Recent Historiography Regarding Spanish and Italian Migrations to Latin America (En torno a la historiografia reciente sobre las migraciones espanolas e italianas a Latinoamérica) (p. 441-460)
A comparative overview of recent historiography on migrations from Italy and Spain to Latin America is undertaken, linking specific studies with overall historiographic perspectives in the countries both of origin and destination. This enables us to establish thematic and methodological diversity in a historiographical ambience with shared elements, although with important chronological lags. The author proposes an agenda which will further stress different comparative approaches. (LATIN AMERICA, ITALY, SPAIN, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HISTORY, RESEARCH)
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