Back to home page1993 - VOLUME 19, NUMBERS 1-2
93.81.04 - English - Richard BEDFORD, Department of Geography, University of Waikato, PB 3105, Hamilton (New Zealand)
Migration and Restructuring: Reflections on New Zealand in the 1980s (p. 1-14)
Economic restructuring in the 1980s affected New Zealand and Australia in different ways and to varying degrees. The New Zealand consequences, much the greater to date, include the arrival of highly skilled "global" migrant workers, New Zealanders returning in search of work, and Asian investors, alongside the departure of Pacific Islanders "going home" or on to better employment prospects in North America. New Zealand adopted a more active immigration policy, but many new arrivals may be using the country as a "staging post" on route to better investment and work opportunities elsewhere. (NEW ZEALAND, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, LABOUR MIGRATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)
93.81.05 - English - Ian H. BURNLEY, Department of Geography, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, NSW 2033 (Australia)
Migration and Mobility Issues in Australia and New-Zealand (p. 15-31)
This paper considers internal and intra-urban mobility issues in Australia and New Zealand, the many gaps in current knowledge, what research questions should be asked, and what we need to know to inform social and economic policy. Both countries are considered together because of there being effectively open borders between them, the likelihood of greater economic integration between the two countries, and evidence of growing, relationships between trans-Tasman, other international migration and internal movements of people. Suggestions are made as to which census methodologies and survey approaches might elicit responses to at least some key questions pertaining, to migration and its structural, ethnic, class, gender and familial aspects. (NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, RESEARCH)
93.81.06 - English - Philip S. MORRISON, Department of Geography, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington (New Zealand)
Using Supermap2 for Policy Analysis. Geographic Implications of Recent Housing Reforms (p. 32-64)
SUPERMAP2 is a computer package plus database currently being marketed by Statistics New Zealand. It can be used simply as a way of retrieving census cross-tabulations alone or as a means of turning the contents of cross-tabulations into maps (and graphs). The product is innovative and well designed, and incorporates some excellent features which bring a new dimension to the analysis of census data. The aim here is to demonstrate the usefulness of SUPERMAP2 in addressing contemporary policy issues. The example used is the Housing Restructuring Act. The setting of market rents by Housing New Zealand results in rents of former state houses now varying by location. This means that the geography of the rental market in our major cities has become an even more important element, in both the housing demand decisions of low-income renters and the housing supply decisions of private landlords. In this example SUPERMAP2 is used to depict the highly segmented rental housing, market in Wellington and the likely locational decisions which could be made by low-income consumers and private suppliers of low-rent housing within the new policy context. (NEW ZEALAND, SOFTWARE, CENSUS DATA, HOUSING POLICY)
93.81.07 - English - Mervyl J. McPHERSON, Department of Social Policy and Ssocial Work, Massey University, P.B. 11-222, Palmerston North (New Zealand)
Cohort Vulnerability to Lack of Support in Old Age (p. 65-93)
"Dependency" is a concept used widely in discussions of population ageing, yet it has received little rigorous treatment, either theoretical or empirical, in New Zealand or elsewhere. This paper explores historical and projected "demand" for support by elderly women, and potential "supply" of assistance from middle-aged women, by taking into account such factors as the fertility histories of "mother" and "daughter" cohorts, the age gaps between such cohorts, and their employment and marital histories. Various measures are presented of the relationships, through to 2031, between possible numbers and ages of elderly women, and of unencumbered middle-aged "carers". (NEW ZEALAND, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING, WOMEN'S STATUS, AGED, INTERGENERATIONAL INTERVAL)
93.81.08 - English - Jacqueline M. LIDGARD, Department of Geography, University of Waikato, P.B. 3105, Hamilton (New Zealand)
Neglected International Migrants: A Study of Returning New Zealanders (p. 94-124)
Since the early 1980s return migration of New Zealanders has been bringing back to the country over 20,000 citizens each year. However, return migration is a process that has been largely ignored in the literature on international migration to New Zealand. With the assistance of the Immigration Service and Statistics New Zealand, contact was established with a nation-wide group of New Zealanders who returned in November 1990. This paper describes how the study was conducted, and reports findings on the returnees and their motives. (NEW ZEALAND, RETURN MIGRATION)
93.81.09 - English - Judith A. DAVEY, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington (New Zealand)
Monitoring New Zealand Households: An Analysis of Trends by Life Stage and Ethnicity (p. 125-142)
Changes in household and family forms, and differences between groups based on age and ethnicity, are relevant to our understanding of society and to the development of social policy. This paper looks at household patterns by age group and changes in these patterns over the 1981-1991 period. The analysis, using a database developed for From Birth to Death III, highlights the importance of disagregation by ethnicity and of growing social diversity. (NEW ZEALAND, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, AGE GROUPS, ETHNIC GROUPS)
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