Back to home page1993 - VOLUME XXXV, NUMBER 2
93.39.15 - Czech - Vladimir SRB
Population Situation in the Czech and Slovak Territories from 1938 to 1944
The exaltation of the German population influenced, amongst other things, its natural population movement. The nuptiality rate increased considerably, leading to an extraordinary jump in fertility from 1939 to 1941. There were 47,000 Czech and Slovak victims during the Second World War while 130,000 Jewish people lost their lives. It is estimated that excess mortality due to the war amounted to 100,000 Czechs and Slovaks. In the German population, military losses amounted to 190,000 men while there were 25,000 civilians killed. Furthermore, when they were expelled, a further 8,000 Germans were killed. (CZECHOSLOVAKIA, POPULATION MOVEMENT, WAR, ETHNIC GROUPS)
93.39.16 - Czech - Dagmar BARTONOVA and Dusan DRBOHLAV
Migration Attraction at a Regional Level (Districts of the Czech Republic, 1961-1991)
Between 1961 and 1991, almost every population indicator shows that there was a progressive levelling out of numbers of migrants between the various districts of the Czech Republic, a reduction in the gaps between immigration areas and emigration areas and a general decline in the number of migrants. In the late 1980s, only the capitals of the two republics still held a dominant position with regard to migration, with the flow of migrants arriving from the neighbouring regions. Elsewhere, the migration flows are gradually balancing out. (CZECH REPUBLIC, MIGRATION TREND, INTERNAL MIGRATION)
93.39.17 - Czech - Antonin SIPEK
Dysraphic Disease of the Central Nervous System in the Czech Republic, 1960-1986 - Part I
The disease was at its height in 1964 and at its lowest level in 1960. Overall, there was a notable decline between the 1960s and the 1980s. Compared to the beginning of the period, hygiene and nutrition have considerably improved and extensive vaccination against infectious diseases has had positive results. Amongst the other favourable factors are improved social and working conditions, the decline in hard physical labour and in poor feeding habits. (CZECH REPUBLIC, MORBIDITY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)
1993 - VOLUME XXXV, NUMBER 3
93.39.18 - Czech - Ladislav RABUSIC
What are the Limits to Life Span?
The author comments on a recent American debate along these lines. The high values of life span in developed countries are really impressive and have led some experts to doubt the validity of the Gompertz law of 1825, according to which, in the living world, mortality grows exponentially with age. The number of deaths over the age of 85 increased considerably in Sweden from the end of the Second World War. According to Sagan's hypothesis, the increase in life span is not so much due to the side-effects of modernisation as to the development of values. (LIFE SPAN, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES)
93.39.19 - Czech - Vladimir SRB and Jirina RUZKOVA
Nationality and Mother Tongue According to the 1991 Census
The 1991 census revealed 17 nationalities. It also contained a question on mother tongue. Almost 100,000 more people of Czech nationality were counted than people whose mother tongue is Czech. Some of the population covered by the census took "mother tongue" to mean the language usually spoken rather than the language used during their upbringing. (CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, NATIONALITY, MOTHER TONGUE)
93.39.20 - Czech - Antonin SIPEK
Dysraphic Disease of the Central Nervous System in the Czech Republic, 1960-1986 - Part II
The sex ratio at birth in the Czech Republic is around 1,040 to 1,050 boys to every 1,000 girls. From 1960 to 1986 - a period in which the frequency of dysraphic disease of the central nervous system increased - this ratio decreased which means that the proportion of boys affected increased. As variations in the number of boys affected are minimal, it is the variations in the number of girls affected which explain the differences in the sex ratio. (CZECH REPUBLIC, SEX RATIO, MORBIDITY, SEX DIFFERENTIALS)
93.39.21 - Czech - Jana PITLIKOVA
Emigration from the Soviet Union in Recent Years - Part I
In 1985, 6,000 people left the Soviet Union, 39,000 in 1987 and 450,000 in 1990. The hope that Israel has placed in the immigration of Jews from the Soviet Union is basically of a demographic nature, for the birth rates of Israel's Jews are much lower than those of the Arabs living in Israel and in the occupied territories. In order to avoid the Palestinian population numbers from growing larger than those of the Jews by the year 2010, Israel needs to receive at least 87,000 Soviet Jews per year over the next five years. (ISRAEL, USSR, EMIGRATION, JEWS)
93.39.22 - Czech - Michal BULIR
University Students in the Czech Republic
Prague, Brno, Plzen, Ostrava, Hradec Kralové, Olomouc and Ceské Budejovice are amongst the ten districts which have the largest numbers of people with a higher level of education. They are all university towns with a high concentration of student population. (CZECH REPUBLIC, HIGHER EDUCATION, COLLEGE STUDENTS)
93.39.23 - Czech - Eduard CHARVAT
The Last Yugoslav Census (March 31st, 1990)
It is likely that the last Yugoslav census will remain incomplete. In Croatia, 14,000 Czechs were counted and 64,000 Slovaks in Voivodine. (YUGOSLAVIA, ETHNIC GROUPS, CENSUSES)
93.39.24 - Czech - Ludmila FIALOVA
The Family Status of the World Population
There is only a small fraction of the world's five billion inhabitants who never get married. The remainder spend at least a part of their lives in marriage - an institution which is defined differently by different cultures, but is generally based on either religious dogma or legal guidelines. (WORLD, MARRIAGE)
World Population According to the United Nations
According to UN estimates, there were 5,480 million inhabitants in the world as of July 1st, 1992, or 95 million more than in 1991. There are no data published for some countries (the case in North Korea where the latest published figures date back to 1963), others are so far distant from reality that UN estimate differs enormously. In 1991, Czechoslovakia ranked 53rd in the world and 11th in Europe. (WORLD, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, WORLD POPULATION, POPULATION ESTIMATES, QUALITY OF DATA)
1993 - VOLUME XXXV, NUMBER 4
Population Trends in the Federal Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1992
Following the economic and social transformations of 1989, the drop in Czech birth rates accelerated and international migration grew in importance. The population tended to delay both marriage and birth. In 1992, the number of births was, for the first time, less than 200,000 and reached a historic low. The drop in the number of abortions is a sign of the increased prevalence of contraception. All the mortality indicators, after a lengthy period of stagnation, were in decline. The population growth rate in the Czech Republic is higher than ever, in particular due to the increased immigration from Slovakia. At the date of its dissolution - December 31st, 1992 - Czechoslovakia counted 15,630,235 inhabitants of which 10,322,349 were to be found in the Czech Republic and 5,307,886 in Slovakia. (CZECHOSLOVAKIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, SLOVAKIA, POPULATION SITUATION)
93.39.31 - Czech - Miroslava MASKOVA
Demographic Aspects of Population Ageing in the Czech Republic
The ageing process of the Czech population began towards the middle of the last war and has continued ever since. It was strongly influenced by the irregularities in the previous population trends. From 1950 to 1985, the decisive factor in ageing was the decline in fertility, while the impact of mortality and migration was almost negligible. Since the war, the proportion of the very elderly population and the share of females in the elderly population have increased. In the near future, it is probable that the irregularities in the current age structure will largely determine trends in the numbers of elderly and the intensity of ageing. The latter will be accentuated after 2005 when the full after-war generations will be reaching old ages. (CZECH REPUBLIC, DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING)
93.39.32 - Czech - Ladislav RABUSIC
Mortality in the Czech Republic
Life expectancy of the Czech population was one of the highest in Europe in the late 1950s, although it has stagnated since then due mainly to the high mortality of the population aged over 35. The author compares Czech male and female life expectancies to various theoretical values drawn from a model of the "standard" pattern of life expectancy trends in societies with low mortality. While Czech mortality conformed to this standard pattern, its current life expectancy would appear to be much higher: 79.08 years for females and 72.74 years for males, while the values observed are respectively 76.01 and 67.54. The author believes high mortality to be due to the communist nature of the political and social system prior to 1989. (CZECH REPUBLIC, MORTALITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, SOCIAL SYSTEM, POLITICAL SYSTEMS)
93.39.33 - Czech - Jana PITLIKOVA
Emigration from the Soviet Union during Recent Years (Part II)
This second article deals with migration from the Soviet Union to the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, South Africa, Argentina and a few other countries. It provides statistics on the numbers in various migrant categories from the 1960s to the 1980s. The author also studies the measures taken by the Western countries in the aim of controlling these specific migrant flows and their political and economic consequences in the mid-term. Finally, she attempts to estimate the foreseeable flows of emigrants during the years to come which could amount to millions before the end of the century if the standard of living in the ex-Soviet Union continues to deteriorate while unemployment increases. (USSR, EMIGRATION)
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